The artist then scratches off the ground with a pointed etching needle where the artist wants a line to appear in the finished piece, exposing the bare metal. In traditional pure etching, a metal plate (usually of copper, zinc or steel) is covered with a waxy ground which is resistant to acid. In a number of modern variants such as microfabrication etching and photochemical milling it is a crucial technique in much modern technology, including circuit boards. As a method of printmaking, it is, along with engraving, the most important technique for old master prints, and remains in wide use today. In modern manufacturing, other chemicals may be used on other types of material. Etching by Daniel Hopfer, who is believed to have been the first to apply the technique to printmaking.Įtching is traditionally the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio (incised) in the metal.
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